What's It Like To Be 3/5 of a Person?

What's It Like To Be 3/5 of a Person?

by C.A. Matthews

February is Black History Month. I thought I'd explore topics linked to the African American experience. One thing that's always been a puzzle to me as a mostly white person born in the 20th century is what it was like to be considered 3/5 of a person.

If you don't know what I'm talking about, read this short article. It might come as a surprise to many Americans that while enslaved people weren't entitled to vote, own land or even their own bodies they were considered 3/5 of a person when it came to the population census. This meant that the South had way more representation in the US House of Representatives than it had voters. This is one reason why slavery was allowed to grow and spread across the country in spite of reservations held by other Americans.

Now, before you object and say something like, "Well, women and children couldn't vote, either, so things were pretty fair representation-wise for voting males between the North and South," just listen to yourself. You're assuming that only African Americans males couldn't vote, and you'd be wrong. Before 1920, most white women and children at least had some legal rights, but at that time Asian immigrants and Native Americans didn't even count as persons at all.

Zip. Nada. Native Americans obtained citizenship and voting rights in 1924. Indigenous peoples are often the very last to have any legal standing in white settler-colonial societies, but Asian Americans couldn't vote until 1948. Blows your mind doesn't it?

Do you feel super awkward in saying the pledge with the phrase "with liberty and justice for all" now? Do you feel extra stupid for ever thinking the United States of America is now and has always been a "democracy" where all human beings are treated equally? You should.

So, what's it like to be considered a partial person (or not even a person) without any legal standing? I think the closest any modern American can come to empathizing with how demoralized enslaved people must have felt is when a person finds out he/she can't afford badly needed health care.

Consider this scenario: You're deathly sick or in great pain. You go to a local medical facility, and once there you are forced to plead for assistance to ease your suffering. Hours later, you're finally told, "Sorry. You don't have any private health insurance we can bill. You don’t have enough savings in the bank to cover the costs of the treatment. We can't do anything for you. Have a nice day."

In your agony as you crawl away, you realize all hope is lost. You might look like a person, but you aren't really a person, are you? You have no legal rights or protections under the law not to suffer and die needlessly because of your lack of money or health insurance status. You're very much an object that can work a job, pay taxes, pay rent, pay off student loan debt, etc., but let's face it. If you don't have any health insurance or a personal fortune and you become ill and need medical treatment in the US you simply don't exist legally.

You simply don't exist. Just like Native Americans, enslaved Africans, Chinese laborers, and so many others on this continent have experienced over the last half-millennia, you are here but you're also not here at the same time. Perhaps we should call an individual caught in this horrible state of affairs a Schrödinger’s Person after the famous thought experiment involving a cat.

That's about as close as I can get to what being considered 3/5 of person must have been like for enslaved people. And what did it feel like for them once the Emancipation Proclamation declared they were no longer enslaved? Eventually African American males would be considered a "whole person" as a voter. I suppose on paper it sounded wonderful, but Jim Crow laws, poll taxes, and other devious ways soon prevented African Americans from voting. These racist actions prevented "whole personhood" from ever fully taking. Some of these tactics continue on to this very day under the guise of gerrymandering districts, strict voter ID laws, and preventing ex-felons from being able to vote again.

Potential Black voters exist and don't exist at the same time. Sound familiar?

The saddest thing about the 14th Amendment granting personhood to African Americans is that corporations used it to argue (and win) the right to be considered "persons" in their own right. This travesty led to recent Supreme Court rulings such as Citizens United, which equates money with free speech. 

Corporations have never suffered the evils of discrimination like African Americans and others have, but they possess all the legal rights of personhood. Corporations have "free speech" through spending large sums of money to purchase politicians' cooperation at all levels of government. Bought-off politicos gladly do their corporate masters' bidding by relaxing worker protections and environmental regulations. Corporations force their workers to increase productivity but share little of the company's profits with them, thus creating the "wage slaves" of the 21st century.

Are you starting to grasp now what being 3/5 of a person really meant and continues to mean to all Americans to this day?

Isn't it time we emancipated ourselves from the tyranny of our corporate slave masters? Isn't it time to consider an Earth Day General Strike?

Happy Black History Month. Never forget that you are a whole person with legal rights. Never let the corporations take them away from you!

Related Articles:

Black History Month: https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/black-history-month

Three-fifths Compromise: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-fifths_Compromise

Democracy in America? https://www.rsn.org/001/democracy-in-america.html 

Democrats Renew Title 42, Trump's Racist Border Policy https://www.directleft.com/p/democrats-renew-title-42-trumps-racist 

ICE Jail Accused of Abusing Black Immigrants https://truthout.org/articles/democrats-demand-biden-close-ice-jail-accused-of-abusing-black-immigrants/

US Border Patrol Hiding Information https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/community-voices-project/story/2022-01-28/opinion-u-s-border-patrol-hiding-information

State Standards Misteach the Meaning of Reconstruction https://popularresistance.org/how-state-standards-misteach-the-meaning-of-one-of-the-united-states-most-important-eras/

Seen on Twitter:

The Biden Boom of maintaining slave wages during inflation is par for the course for this slave driver as nothing fundamentally changes. pic.twitter.com/3YkThAeutU

— #Immediatist, because I hate slavery (@Lvld_Up) February 4, 2022

This worker abuse is fucking ridiculous. pic.twitter.com/7alCW5PpbF

— ☭ 🇨🇺 jσєуաrecκ'ˢ Ɗуѕтσριαη Ƒυтυяє 🇰🇵 🙃 (@joeywreck) February 4, 2022

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Photo: Jon Krieg/AFSC Diplomacy, not weapons, in Ukraine TAKE ACTION As tensions escalate between the U.S. and Russia, Congress is debating sending even more weapons into the region.  Tell Congress: Stop the military escalation in Ukraine. Peaceful ends can only be achieved through peaceful means. Flooding the region with more weapons and military financing is not the answer. The U.S. has over-invested in the military and under-invested in diplomacy and international cooperation. Additional military funding will only increase tensions and further enrich defense contractors. Urge policymakers to say NO to more weapons and invest in diplomacy and international cooperation instead. Now is the time to engage in talks to protect human lives and dignity. Please join us in urging Congress to invest in our shared security through nonviolent means.     In peace, Aura Kanegis Director, Office of Public Policy and Advocacy, American Friends Service Committee TAKE ACTION

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A small-town Mississippi library is facing tremendous financial pressure from its mayor after putting up a display featuring pro-LGBTQ books -- and he's citing his conservative Christian faith as the reason why, even though several of the books are by Christian authors.

The display includes memoirs by a transgender pastor and a survivor of gay conversion therapy, as well as a collection of essays titled "The Queer Bible."

Now, Ridgeland Mayor Gene McGee is using his personal religious beliefs to justify withholding $110,000 from the library, even though he lacks the legal authority to do so. The mayor says he won't release the badly needed funds until the library agrees to remove the books.  

McGee's anti-LGBTQ bigotry doesn't reflect the Christian values of love, dignity, and equality. Let's make sure he hears from a nationwide movement of Christians who are sick of seeing our faith hijacked to censor books and exclude LGBTQ people.

Tell Mayor McGee: Blocking library funds over LGBTQ books is not Christian

In an interview with the local newspaper, Madison County library director Tonja Johnson said the mayor told her the books "went against his Christian beliefs, and that he would not release the money as the long as the materials were there."

In a stunning display of Christian nationalism -- abusing his office to merge personal religion with government -- Mayor McGee even told the library director that "the library can serve whoever we wanted, but that he only serves the great Lord above."

McGee is not only turning his back on Madison County's LGBTQ and non-Christian residents; he is also attacking the religious freedom of all pro-LGBTQ Christians. He should listen to Johnson, the library director, who gave this beautiful quote to the Mississippi Free Press about why LGBTQ books matter to the whole community:

"Those books are for all of us: whether we can see ourselves reflected in those materials or so that we can develop understanding, empathy and respect for someone else... We all live in this world together. We sit next to people in church, we work with people, we live next door to people, our children go to school with children who don't look like us and don't have the same experiences. 

"If we're going to be together, we have to at least understand each other's stories."

Tell Mayor McGee: Stop withholding library funds and censoring pro-LGBTQ books >>

Thank you for everything you do to love your neighbor and honor the image of God in LGBTQ people.

In peace,
- Guthrie, Rev. Nathan, Karli, and the Faithful America team

 

"The way of fools seems right to them, but the wise listen to advice." - Proverbs 12:15

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One glaring sign of how inhumanely immigration is being handled right now: the backlog of cases in the U.S. immigration court is now over 1.6 million – that’s the size of the city of Philadelphia!  This backlog – including children, families, people in desperate need for safety – is a damning indictment of a broken system that prefers spending BILLIONS on militarized border security to treat migrants as criminals over supporting families with caseworkers to get people to safety. You know what’s cheaper than a deportation flight? A hearing in court.  One person who can fix this problem is Department of Homeland Security Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas. Will you join us to demand he does everything in his power to restart processing so families can at last reach safety in the U.S.? take actioN NOW The immigration system that currently exists in the U.S. is flat-out dangerous for people seeking safety.  It completely denies children and families access to safety by either deporting them through Trump-era policies, like Title 42, or by putting them in the racist Remain in Mexico program where they are forced to wait for months, sometimes years, in border cities where they are disproportionately targeted for extortion and violence.  That’s why restarting and speeding up processing is so important: the faster families are processed, the quicker they are out of danger and into safety.  This is about families’ humanity, but it’s also just common sense – like actual cents. Instead of spending $330 billion over the last 20 years on border enforcement and detention centers, we could be investing in caseworkers and judges that could help families get to safety.  But instead of providing adequate safety and certainty, which would provide legal processes and order, our current immigration system almost entirely skews towards detention centers and deportation, which delivers cruelty and chaos. This is not how we should be as a country. Will you demand DHS Secretary Mayorkas do everything in his power to restart and speed up processing to make certain the United States is a country that welcomes all people seeking safety with dignity and compassion? take actioN NOW Our government must end its cruel treatment of children, families, and adults to swiftly and safely admit people seeking the refuge they need. Policies that block, expel, or jail those seeking the right to protection in the U.S. have no place here.  Thanks for taking action, Erin Mazursky | Organizing Director Families Belong Together

 

The Bern

 The Bern
By Cindy A. Matthews
Photos by Adrian Matthews

(Note: This is not your typical piece about a Bernie Sanders rally, religiously citing the main points of his stump speech. I’m assuming you’ve watched a few of his rallies online at Bernie2016TV or even the one or two rallies C-span or a local station may have broadcast. This story is about how a Bernie supporter experiences a rally.)

Oh my… Our first chance to see Bernie Sanders in the flesh! He’s coming to within a hundred miles of us!

Those were my thoughts upon reading an online press release for Bernie’s upcoming rally at Eastern Michigan University’s Convocation Center. It was only 48 hours away--the rally, that is. We didn’t know there would be a rally there until the rally date was almost upon us. In fact, most others we met there said they’d had less than 24 hours notice. But this lack of prior knowledge isn’t unusual I’ve been told. Bernie is crisscrossing the country, trying to hit as many early primary states as possible, and his campaign staff is throwing these events together as fast as they can. So, with very little preparation and a lot of nervous jitters, we set off for the 90 mile trip to Ypsilanti, Michigan early on an Arctic-cold Monday morning in February.

We estimated it would take an hour and half to get there from our rural home. Toledo rush hour traffic was light and cooperated as we circled the city. With a big push we made good time and only got turned around once in town in our search for E.M.U.’s Convocation Center. (Becoming lost is usual for us. Old people, old car, no GPS, and Google Map print-outs aren’t always crystal clear on directions.) It was at least two hours or more until the scheduled doors opened at 12:30 PM, and we had no problems finding a parking spot at the arena. Grabbing our sign and stuffing everything in our pockets (no backpacks or purses allowed), we ran to the line which was already occupied by one to two hundred people already. The Convocation Center has a capacity of 9500, so we felt certain we’d get in and see Bernie.

What’s it like to stand in a line that grows and grows and grows by the minute? What’s it like to stand outside for hours on cold, slick pavement in 20 degree Fahrenheit weather with a nasty damp quality to the air and a wind chill somewhere in the single digits? Honestly, it sucks. While we were glad we could actually see the front doors of the building in the distance, I can’t imagine how frustrating it must have been for those a quarter mile away, a half mile away or a full mile away. 

Yes, that video of the long line at the rally you’ve seen online is accurate and not fabricated. The line actually did go for about a mile. We know this for a fact since we were directed to head that way to go home by the traffic cops, and we noted the extra mileage from our original route on Hewitt Drive to Huron River Drive where you see the line in the video turning the corner. This alone gives credence to the report of 10,000 attendees at the rally and the rumor there had been some overflow folks stashed somewhere. All I can testify to is there were a helluva lot of people in Ypsilanti excited to see Bernie Sanders.

The thing that kept the “Berners” going (while waiting patiently for the rally to start and simultaneously suffering potential frostbite) was the camaraderie. We chatted about Bernie and his ideas. We chanted “Bernie” occasionally. We were entertained by Hare Krishna members who danced up and down the line beating on their drums and wearing the saffron-orange robes and beads. (Thank goodness they wore closed-toes shoes and not sandals.) 

This event being hosted by Eastern Michigan, a medium-sized university campus located next door to the University of Michigan, a mega-sized university, there were college students in the line. Surprisingly, there were a lot of other ordinary town folks, too. Now remember, we and most others didn’t know Bernie was coming to Ypsilanti until a day or two in advance. There wasn’t much time to get time off work, arrange babysitting (and we saw quite a few young ones from “Bernie Baby” up to school age), or get out of a scheduled college exam. Somehow, ten thousand people thought it was important enough to do all this at a moment’s notice. Talk about commitment to a cause!

The group of young people in front of us told us they’d all lied about needing to go somewhere important to get out of their minimum wage jobs so they could see Bernie. They knew their boss wouldn’t give them the time off to see a candidate he didn’t agree with, and he certainly wouldn’t have given all four of them the same time off. But, somehow, they managed the time and stood in line with us, wearing inadequate clothing and shoes. As a mom of twenty-somethings, I worried about their health. A sweatshirt hoodie with no coat, hat or gloves in single digit wind chill temps for several hours isn’t enough to ward off frostbite. They told us they like Bernie’s position on the “Fight for 15”. Think how better clothed and fed these young adults would be with decent paying jobs.

There were “middle-aged people” like us there, too. I did a high-five with a gentleman who yelled “Old People for Bernie!” The ages, races and socio-economic spectrum of Southeastern Michigan were all represented. Despite what some political pundits have insinuated, Bernie Sanders brings in men, women, young, old, white, black, brown, yellow, red (our friend in front of us said the local Hurons were represented), retiree, college student and working class alike.

At last they let us inside the building--blissful warmth! The Convocation Center probably isn’t the best heated place, but after being outside for so long in the damp cold it felt great. I wish we had attended Bernie’s Cleveland rally back in November since it occurred before Bernie received his Secret Service detail so I could compare the security measures, but alas we missed him then. This rally was a good example of what security will be like from here on out. 

They opened the doors around 12:20 PM and suddenly you felt like you stood in a crowded airport terminal--in fact uniformed TSA agents manned the walk-through metal detectors and handled the wands. Everything has to come out of your pockets and be put on the table for inspection. This includes all your metal-backed campaign buttons, which have to be unpinned from your coat, hat, and shirt before you can go through the detector. (That was a challenge for yours truly with her multitude of Bernie buttons.) However, we made it through security in record time (much better than an airport scan) and scrambled for a good seat to see the main event. Volunteers passed out “A Future to Believe In” stickers and some signs, taking contact info from newbies who hadn’t yet joined the political revolution online.

We ended up sitting directly across from the podium and behind the press risers, which held approximately 50 photographers (with about 30 reporters on their laptops to their right on the floor). Not the best spot in the house, but far from the worse spot. Convocation Center is a basketball/hockey arena and it has “blind spots” in its corners where your line of vision to the stage is blocked. Like most sports arenas, the acoustics sucked and a person standing on a stage across from you by several dozen yards appears the size of an action figure who can fit in your hand. The electronic screens above were used well, so we could see Bernie in close-up.

Of course, I really wanted to see Bernie face to face (even shake his hand) but that wasn’t meant to be. The volunteers and others they let stand on the concrete floor in front of the podium stage had to do just that--stand up for two hours until the rally began and then stand through the hour and a half long rally. Physically, we wouldn’t have been able to endure it, and you’d have to really “love your neighbor” to enjoy being squished in the mob as it pressed closer and closer toward Bernie during his remarks. This is when you really start to notice the Secret Service. 

The men in black  (I didn’t notice any female agents but they could have been there) surround the stage/podium area and also the “mush pot” of humanity standing on the floor. Their steely eyes scan the crowd constantly, and they immediately envelope Bernie when he walks off stage. They are the only people not cheering or smiling, so you know they’re busy. As well as the Secret Service and TSA agents, there were campus cops, local sheriff’s deputies and arena security personnel in the building and on the grounds. No exaggeration, but this is probably the most policed event I have ever had the privilege to attend.

Waiting for the rally to start, we chatted with our seat neighbors and learned more about how they came to become followers of the senator from Vermont. An older gentleman behind us introduced himself and said he was a “learner” who wanted to know more about Sen. Sanders. He had been reading about Bernie in the print media (and it appeared he’d read alternative print publications that report more on Bernie than the mainstream ones) but he wasn’t fully aware of Bernie’s online presence. His ears really picked up when we discussed how only about six corporations own (and manipulate) over 90% of the media outlets in our country. We gladly filled him in on the independent web sites and Bernie videos to check out. 

A young working man behind me said he’d been listening and watching Bernie videos online that friends and acquaintances had sent him and they got him thinking, “This is a politician we can trust. He thinks we’re intelligent voters.” College students seated around us tended to be leaning toward Bernie’s policies on solving their student loan debts and free college tuition. I probably should note that in our section of the arena we were in the minority, that is, we were most noticeably “white” in a sea of African-American faces. Yet the mainstream media wants us to believe Bernie doesn’t reach--and attract--black voters? Boy, have they got that wrong!

Scanning the arena, I noted that Bernie attracts Muslim women wearing their traditional head scarves as well. Bernie attracts grandparents, middle-aged parents, and young parents with babes in arms. Who doesn’t he attract? Oh yeah, selfish and greedy Wall Street billionaires.

The rally began about ten minutes later than scheduled. University of Michigan Health Care nurse Katie Scott from the Michigan Nurses Association came on to give her brief introductory remarks. Her 11,000 member union has endorsed Bernie. She said she was happy Bernie supported universal health care so nurses and other medical professionals could practice their calling to heal the sick without the hassles and greed of private insurance companies. We spotted a big sign stating, “Physicians for Bernie” in the crowd as well.

After Katie stepped down from the microphone there were lots of false starts, and we wondered if Bernie was in the building yet. The Secret Service agents give nothing away. You cannot tell when Bernie is actually there until the last second, and in a crowded and noisy arena, you can’t tell he’s in the room until you spy the top of his shiny head and ring of white hair popping up between the outstretched arms of his cheering fans. So, just as I was about to sit back down to regain my breath the cheers began again. Our man has arrived! Everyone jumped to their feet and screamed and stomped on the bleachers below us, rattling and echoing in the hard concrete arena a million times over. I’m amazed Bernie isn’t deaf yet from all these loud outbursts of adoration.

Jane Sanders, his wife, appeared among that ocean of humanity, too. She waved to the crowd and then quickly exited the stage. I couldn’t see her from where I sat, but my husband said she stood at the back of the stage and filmed the crowd with her tablet device. I suppose some of Bernie’s campaign ads feature Jane’s video of crowd reactions? Cool!

Bernie’s voice cracked a bit at the beginning of his speech, but it grew stronger and more solid as he carried on. I didn’t think about it until later, but perhaps his voice wasn’t gravelly due to stress. After all, he’d been speaking in Nevada the night before and at multiple rallies for days on end. I believe his voice sound rough at the start because of emotion. His first remarks outside of saying how glad he was of seeing such a great turn-out and how “Yooj” (which we all echoed several times to much laughter) it was, was a statement of where he’d been earlier in the day and the reason behind his delay: Bernie had gone to Flint first. 

I suppose we can claim to be the first rally audience to hear Bernie’s statements regarding the parents he spoke to in that beleaguered Michigan city, poisoned by its public water, and how it’s adversely affecting their children. Bernie appeared heartbroken. The way he paused and took a breath between words, describing how horrified and sad he felt when a parent told him how her child’s mental abilities had slipped away over the past year, a child who had been a  good student until now… 

I’ve just come from a meeting, which was one of the most difficult meetings that I have ever attended in a long political life, where I’ve seen a lot and I’ve heard a lot. I’ve just met with seven or eight residents of Flint, Michigan. I’ve obviously read the newspapers, been somewhat involved in the issue, but I didn’t really did not know how ugly and how horrible and how terrible what is going on in that community. It is beyond my comprehension that in the year 2016 in the United States of America we are poisoning our children.  (...)

I just talked to a mother who has a kid who was very bright--she did schoolwork very, very well. In the last two years she’s seen her child’s ability to do schoolwork markedly deteriorate. Can you imagine being a mother seeing your own baby’s, your own child’s intellectual development deteriorate in front of your very eyes? And that is happening all over that city. All I can say right now--and I don’t want to be overly political--I’ve called for Snyder’s resignation, that’s fine--but if the local government can’t protect those children, the state government can’t protect those children, then the federal government better get in and do the right thing.

 

I wish I was closer to the podium to see if tears had flooded Bernie’s eyes. It sounded to me like they had.

As a parent and grandparent, Bernie really gets it--he gets how it hurts to not be able to take care of your babies and the betrayal you feel because the very institutions you were taught to trust have betrayed your trust, mainly because you are poor and black and your Republican governor and his rich campaign donors could care less. Bernie called for Governor Snyder’s immediate resignation to a deafening roar of approval. I hope Mr. Snyder heard us in Lansing and steps down.

The remainder of Bernie’s talk fell along the lines of “change doesn’t happen from the top down, but from the grassroots up.” We are the grassroots--we are the people, he informed us. We are us not me. Bernie repeatedly emphasized that it will take a movement and that it can’t be just about one person, the president, to bring about positive change in our government or our world. We all need to be involved in the process. We need a political revolution.

Bernie Sanders is the true leader of our political revolution. 

The ten thousand souls who braved the sub-freezing cold in Ypsilanti, Michigan on a Monday morning are the beginning of the revolution. We have more in common than we’ve been led to believe by the corporate billionaire capitalists, the mainstream media manipulators of public opinion and the establishment political party apparatchiks. We, the people, will vote together for Bernie Sanders in 2016. A mile long line, minimum wage jobs, overbearing student debt and cold weather won’t stop us.

We feel the Bern and its warmth extends to all.

***

Nevada Caucused and We Canvased 

(and Phone Banked) 

The Toledo Bernie Light Brigade and other Berners at the IBEW Local 8 Union Hall this past Saturday.

While Berners caucused out west, at the IBEW  Local 8 Union Hall in Rossford, Ohio we phone banked and canvassed for Bernie. It was our first venture in canvassing and we'll admit--it's tiring! But we had a beautiful spring-like day  so it was a great day to be out walking and knocking on doors. (Why oh why couldn't Monday in Michigan have been as warm?) The best thing of all, the Bernie supporters we talked to were really feelin' the Bern. So, don't lose heart! Keep phone banking, canvassing and talking about Bernie to your friends, family and neighbors. Bernie is on a roll and soon we'll be seeing him in the White House. #AmericaTogether is going to vote #Bernie2016!

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This Woman is Bernie Strong! 

My name is Elizabeth Habib. I'm in my late twenties, married, a Type 1 Diabetic, and a band director split between one middle school and two elementary schools in Fresno, California. Education, gender equality (any equality in general), the economy, and health care are the biggest reasons why I love Bernie Sanders and 100% support his policy ideas. I'm tired of women like Madeleine Albright and Gloria Steinem daring to question the reasons behind my political convictions. Just because Hillary Clinton is a woman does not mean I need to support her. I don't agree with Clinton; I do agree with Sanders. I feel the Bern.

Well said, Elizabeth! If you're a woman who feels the Bern, send us your testimonial and photo today. Email them to thebernieblog2016@gmail.com
Thank you and #FeeltheBern

And now a song that demonstrates what Bernie Sanders has been talking about...